In the 12th century, the famous Arab poet Ibn Ammar was born in São Brás of Alportel.
Already in the century 16, a convent existed at the small place. Because of its mild climate, the place was chosen for the establishment of the summer residence of the bishop of the Algarve. Built in the 17th century, the Episcopal palace was modified several times during the following centuries. Nowadays just a small part of the main compound is preserved.
The Mother church was built after the earthquake of 1755 on the foundations of an old church of the 15th century.
In the 19th century, São Brás of Alportel became economically important. The corkoak plantations brought commercial development to the region, being the largest producer of cork in Portugal and the world. Because of the transfer of the cork production to the interior and north of the country, the city saw itself forced to diversify its economy.